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Effect of Arthrocentesis on Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint and Analysis of the Effect of Preoperative Clinical and Radiologic Features high blood pressure medication and xanax purchase avalide with american express. Biofeedback-based psycho-physiological treatment in a primary care setting: an initial feasibility study arteria peronea magna buy cheap avalide. A Retrospective Study of Patient Outcomes After Temporomandibular Joint Replacement With Alloplastic Total Joint Prosthesis at Massachusetts General Hospital hypertension guidelines 2013 cheap avalide amex. Long-term evaluation of single-puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis in patients with unilateral temporomandibular disorders arrhythmia vs dysrhythmia buy avalide 162.5 mg low price. Biofeedback-based cognitive-behavioral treatment compared with occlusal splint for temporomandibular disorder: a randomized controlled trial. A preliminary report on the efficacy of a dynamic jaw opening device (dynasplint trismus system) as part of the multimodal treatment of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer. Effect of intraoral appliance and biofeedback/stress management alone and in combination in treating pain and depression in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Comparison of treatment efficacy between hyaluronic acid and arthrocentesis plus hyaluronic acid in internal derangements of temporomandibular joint. A Randomized Feasibility Trial to Evaluate Use of the Jaw Dynasplint to Prevent Trismus in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Primary or Adjuvant Radiation-Based Therapy. When deciding coverage, the member specific benefit plan document must be referenced as the terms of the member specific benefit plan may differ from the standard plan. Before using this policy, please check the member specific benefit plan document and any applicable federal or state mandates. UnitedHealthcare reserves the right to modify its Policies and Guidelines as necessary. For this reason, some products requiring certification under this regulation may not be available in these countries. All data relevant for safe use, such as viewing direction, sizes and diameters, or notes regarding sterilization of telescopes, are applied to the instruments, have been formulated according to international standards, and therefore provide reliable information. As we constantly seek to improve and modify our products, we reserve the right to make changes in design that vary from catalog descriptions. Special Features: Rounded tip which allows easier introduction of Due to the rounded edges, the rasp may be rasp into the intraarticular joint cavity through pushed over the cartilage to a certain extent the instrument approach. A special instrument was designed for a gentle Extraction of a suitable cartilage cylinder and effective extraction of cartilage cells. Arthroscopic treatment of following cases: defect zones in the femur in particular was difficult to 1. After passing through the tip of the suture use with all-inside suture on the posterior horn area of hooks and advancing the thread, the latter appears the lateral and medial meniscus. The thread may now be easily pulled out advantage of this suture set lies in the simple thread of the joint with the grasping forceps. After the larding wires are withdrawn, posterior meniscal root to the outer meniscus. Once both suture loops emerge in the drilled until they appear submeniscal under the submeniscal area, the loops are widened and a fixation meniscal horn. The Following adequate positioning, the initial centimeters of resulting U-suture fixates the posterior horn root. To adapt special instruments were developed that enable the to the anatomical conditions in cruciate ligament recon- creation of rectangular channels. It is therefore recommended to have special To remove titanium interference screws, a revision necessary to remove bone from the screwdriver inser- screwdriver set was developed to accommodate all tion site. Arthroscopic treatment of Such bone-filling procedures may be indicated in the defect zones in the femur in particular was difficult to following cases: perform. Enlarged tunnels following ligament reconstruction As a result, this innovative and straightforward system 2. If the puncture needle is unable sheaths by protecting the surrounding soft tissue. The to reach the desired areas, it can be easily repositioned atraumatic and targeted insertion of the puncture without trauma to the soft tissue. It sheath system are arthroscopically controlled, which is possible to probe the target structures in this joint in prevents damage when the joint is entered. This system allows for an optimal control of the direction and position of the portals. The position must be corrected until the puncture needle penetrates the capsule at the desired point in the correct direction. Benefits: Special Features: Precise portal placement with cannulated High-flow sheaths, specially designed for the system and target guide hip, with an outer diameter 5. Stable ports and safe fluid management Fast, stable and reliable telescope and sheath b. This allows the transection of all fibrous successful in over 100 interventions, is safe and easy to arcades between the heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris learn and provides an excellent alternative to con- muscle and thus provides better nerve decompression ventional open procedures. The instrument set has also proved particularly valuable With the endoscopic technique, a subcutaneous in endoscopic and minimally invasive surgery for pocket is formed using a dressing and sponge holding radiohumeral and medial humeral epicondylitis, radial forceps as a tunnel forceps where first an illuminating compression of the forearm (Wartenbergs syndrome) speculum is inserted and then a 4 mm endoscope with and the pronator syndrome. Field of Application and Indications In the diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic illnesses, Since needle arthroscopy is only negligibly more inva- especially arthritis associated with an infection, exami- sive than a customary arthrocentesis, it can be repeat- nation of the synovial membrane is becoming increas- ed several times. This opens up the possibility of moni- ingly important due to new methods of molecular toring the effects of therapeutic interventions directly at biology. When inflammation of a joint begins, the changes in the joint are often only locally pronounced. In the case of infection in instrument can easily pass through the tough joint particular, synovial biopsy is far more effective than capsule and provide a thorough diagnostic evaluation arthrocentesis alone according to available data. The ro- bility for the secure positioning of instruments and tele- bust construction ensures reliable positioning without scopes. This allows the the iris control provides convenient and optimal surgeon greater flexibility in choosing the exact adjustment of the depth of field. Furthermore, the simulation software performance feedback to complete the learning provides a wide range of intraoperative scenarios. An arthroscope equipped with sensors and specially adapted to the simulation trainer makes it Original operating instruments provide a highly Diagnostic Module realistic simulation experience and facilitate 8* virtual patient cases with varying level of difficulty familiarization with instruments. The feedback in a highly realistic training environment using simulator offers objective, comparable and reproducible these instruments. An arthroscope equipped with sensors and specially adapted to the simulation trainer makes it Original operating instruments provide a highly Diagnostic Module realistic simulation experience and facilitate 4* virtual patient cases with varying level of difficulty familiarization with instruments. Virtual patient feature: cases include different lesions in the rotator cuff as 3 virtual telescopes: 0, 30 and 70 well as impingement syndrome. Therapeutic Module Mastering these basic tasks enables surgeons to 8* virtual patients with lesions in different locations perform a complete arthroscopy in a more provide optimal training for first steps in operative straightforward, efficient, and professional manner. Patient Diagnostics cases include loose body removal, subacromial Guided diagnostic arthroscopic tour of the debridement and decompression. Learning objectives: Triangulation Inspect the shoulder completely and describe Efficient utilization of arthroscopic instruments in order visible pathologies to reach difficult-to-access areas in the glenohumeral Treat the diagnosed pathologies joint and the subacromial space. Learning objectives: Learn the correct way to perform a diagnostic tour Correctly handle the instruments without causing cartilage damage Detect and eliminate foreign bodies in a safe and efficient manner * the number of patient cases may change due to further development of the product. The realistic, tactile feedback in a highly realistic training simulator offers objective, comparable and reproducible environment using these instruments. Furthermore, the performance feedback to complete the learning simulation software provides a wide range of intra- process. Diagnostic Module Learning objectives: for the Shoulder and Knee Inspect the knee and shoulder completely and Virtual patient cases with varying level of difficulty offer describe visible pathologies the surgeon the chance to perform complete Treating the diagnosed pathologies diagnostic arthroscopic interventions. For the shoulder, virtual patients include different lesions in rotator cuff and impingement syndrome. Applications for Shock Wave Therapy Orthopedics (focused and radial shock wave Dermatology (focused shock wave therapy): therapy): Wound healing Achillodynia, calcified tendinitis, patellar tendonitis, Ulcers, diabetic foot, decubitus ulcers plantar fasciitis, radial and ulnar humeral Burns epicondylitis, tibial stress syndrome, trochanteric Cellulite (combined radial and focused shock wave tendinopathy therapy) Myofascial pain syndrome, trigger points, fascia Lipedema/lymphedema treatment, paravertebral treatments Pseudarthrosis (focused only) Neurology (focused shock wave therapy): Spastic muscle paralysis (e. It benefits both newcomers to vacuum therapies as well as the integrated diagnostic extracorporeal shock wave therapy and experienced ultrasound imaging in one system.

Focal epileptiform activity may be seen with Responsiveness is a separate clinical attribute that can be focal seizures and bilaterally synchronous spike-waves with either intact or impaired for seizures with or without absence seizures arrhythmia ultrasound buy discount avalide 162.5mg on-line. The unclassified comprises both seizures with patterns that do basic classification further allows classification into motor not fit into the other categories or seizures presenting insuf- onset or nonmotor-onset (for example arteriografia purchase avalide 162.5 mg amex, sensory) symptoms arrhythmia from clonidine order cheap avalide online. The vertical organization of the focal-onset tern of seizure activity rather than a unique seizure type hypertension kidney failure buy avalide australia. Level of awareness is not used below, reflecting the earliest prominent sign or symptom as a classifier for generalized seizures, since the large other than awareness. Alternatively, a focal seizure name majority (although not all) of generalized seizures are asso- can omit mention of awareness as being inapplicable or ciated with impaired awareness. By definition of the gener- unknown and classify the focal seizure directly by the earli- alized branch of the classification, motor activity should be est motor or nonmotor characteristic. Retained awareness means the person is aware of self and environment during the seizure, even if immobile. A focal impaired aware- ness seizure corresponds to the prior term complex partial seizure, and impaired awareness during any part of the seizure renders it a focal impaired awareness seizure. Focal aware or impaired awareness seizures optionally may further be characterized by one of the motor-onset or nonmotor-onset symptoms below, reecting the rst prominent sign or symptom in the seizure. Seizures should be clas- sied by the earliest prominent feature, except that a focal behavior arrest seizure is one for which cessation of activity is the dominant feature throughout the seizure. In addition, a focal seizure name can omit mention of awareness when awareness is not applicable or unknown, and thereby classify the seizure directly by motor-onset or nonmotor-onset characteristics. Cognitive seizures imply impaired language or other cognitive domains or positive features such as deja vu, hallucinations, illusions, or perceptual distortions. Emotional seizures involve anxiety, fear, joy, other emotions, or appearance of affect without subjective emotions. A seizure may be unclassied due to inadequate information or inability to place the type in other categories. Focal motor onset behaviors include these activities: ato- It is important to attempt to distinguish the ictal versus the nic (focal loss of tone), tonic (sustained focal stiffening), postictal state, since awareness returns during the latter. If clonic (focal rhythmic jerking), myoclonic (irregular, brief the state of awareness is uncertain, as, for example, is usu- focal jerking), or epileptic spasms (focal flexion or extension ally the case for atonic or epileptic spasm seizures, the sei- of arms and flexion of trunk. The distinction between clonic zure is classified as focal but awareness would not be and myoclonic is somewhat arbitrary, but clonic implies sus- specified. Description of level of awareness is optional and tained, regularly spaced stereotypical jerks, whereas, myo- applied only when known. This steady evolution implies a subject demonstrated repetitive purposeless fragments of unitary seizure, which would be classified as a focal behaviors that might appear normal in other circumstances. It would be useful to Some automatisms overlap other motor behaviors, for append (as optional description, not a seizure type) informa- instance, pedaling or hyperkinetic activity, thereby rendering tion about the progression to automatisms and tonic version. Automatisms may be 30 min later has an event with tingling in the right arm dur- seen in focal seizures and in absence seizures. Such a sequence reflects two separate A focal motor seizure with behavior arrest involves cessa- seizures, the first being a focal impaired awareness emo- tion of movement and unresponsiveness. Focal cogni- of detail is unclear or the seizure is not listed as a specific tive seizures can be identified when the patient reports or seizure type. Awareness usually is impaired with generalized onset jamais vu, hallucinations, illusions, and forced thinking are seizures, so level of awareness is not used as a classifier for examples of induced abnormal cognitive phenomena. Because there is a new seizure type ing the seizure does not classify the seizure as a focal characterized by myoclonic movements preceding tonic cognitive seizure, because impairment of awareness can (stiffening) and clonic (sustained rhythmic jerking) move- apply to any focal seizure. Unitary focal seizures are named for the initial Generalized clonic seizures begin, progress, and end with manifestation and presence or absence of altered conscious- sustained rhythmic jerking of limbs on both sides of the ness at any point during the seizure. Consider an seizures, usually occur in infants, and should be distin- 7 event starting with deja vu, repetitive purposeless guished from jitteriness or shuddering attacks. Generalized tonic seizures manifest as bilateral limb stiff- leading to progressive arm elevation, and associated with ening or elevation, often with neck stiffening. Myoclonic absence seizures occur in a vari- abnormal posture, either in extension or flexion, sometimes ety of genetic conditions and also without known associa- accompanied by tremor of the extremities. Eyelid myoclonia can be associated which when prolonged, may produce abnormal postures. Myoclonus dif- the 2017 classification groups them with nonmotor (ab- fers from clonus by being briefer and not regularly repeti- sence) seizures, which may seem counterintuitive, but the tive. Myoclonus as a symptom has possible epileptic and myoclonia in this instance is meant to link with absence, nonepileptic etiologies. An unknown-onset behavior arrest seizure could a generalized atonic seizure, the patient falls on the buttocks represent a focal impaired awareness behavior arrest sei- or sometimes forward onto the knees and face. An epileptic Every seizure classification involves some degree of spasm presents as a sudden flexion, extension, or mixed uncertainty. They commonly occur in clusters and most often ized; otherwise, the seizure should be listed as of unknown during infancy. The 80% level was chosen arbitrarily to match the Generalized nonmotor seizure types comprise several commonly applied 80% false-negative cutoff for statistical varieties of absence seizures. To facilitate a common terminology about seizures, absence seizures are considered atypical when they are the Task Force listed some common descriptors of behav- associated with changes in tone that are more pronounced iors during focal seizures (Table 1), but these are not intrin- than in typical absence or the onset or cessation is not sic to the classification. Common descriptors of behaviors during and Table 4 provides suggested abbreviations for the main after seizures (alphabetically) seizure types. Cognitive Automatisms Acalculia Aggression Aphasia Eye-blinking Summary of rules for classifying seizures Attention impairment Head-nodding Deja vu or jamais vu Manual Dissociation Oral-facial 1 Onset: Decide whether seizure onset is focal or gen- Dysphasia Pedaling eralized, using an 80% confidence level. Illusions Perseveration 2 Awareness: For focal seizures, decide whether to Memory impairment Running (cursive) Neglect Sexual classify by degree of awareness or to omit awareness Forced thinking Undressing as a classifier. Focal aware seizures correspond to Responsiveness impairment Vocalization/speech the old simple partial seizures and focal impaired Walking awareness seizures to the old complex partial sei- Emotional or affective Motor zures. Agitation Dysarthria Anger Dystonic 3 Impaired awareness at any point: A focal seizure is a Anxiety Fencers posture (gure-of-4) focal impaired awareness seizure if awareness is Crying (dacrystic) Incoordination impaired at any point during the seizure. Fear Jacksonian 4 Onset predominates: Classify a focal seizure by its Laughing (gelastic) Paralysis first prominent sign or symptom. Autonomic Sensory 5 Behavior arrest: A focal behavior arrest seizure Asystole Auditory shows arrest of behavior as the prominent feature of Bradycardia Gustatory the entire seizure. Erection Hot-cold sensations 6 Motor/nonmotor: A focal aware or impaired aware- Flushing Olfactory Gastrointestinal Somatosensory ness seizure may be further subclassified by motor or Hyper/hypoventilation Vestibular nonmotor characteristics. Alternatively, a focal sei- Nausea or vomiting Visual zure can be characterized by motor or nonmotor Pallor characteristics, without specifying level of aware- Palpitations Laterality ness. Piloerection Left Respiratory changes Right 7 Optional terms: Terms such as motor or nonmotor Tachycardia Bilateral may be omitted when the seizure type is otherwise unambiguous.

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Some antidepressant drugs pulse pressure 100 order cheapest avalide and avalide, such as amitriptyline; narcotic pain medications; and some drugs used for the treatment of spasticity hypertension guidelines jnc 7 purchase generic avalide line, such as dantrolene sodium hypertensive encephalopathy purchase avalide 162.5 mg mastercard, contribute to constipation blood pressure ranges in pregnancy buy avalide 162.5 mg with visa. This surgical option creates a permanent opening between the colon and the surface of the abdomen to which a stool collection bag is attached. Colosto- mies sometimes become necessary because of fecal soiling or pressure sores, continual stool incontinence, or excessively long bowel programs. Colostomy enables many people to manage their bowels independently, plus, colostomy takes less time than bowel programs. Studies have shown that people who get colostomies are pleased and would not reverse the procedure; while many may not have embraced the idea of a colostomy at the outset, the procedure can make a huge difference in quality of life, cutting bowel time from as much as eight hours a day to no more than 15 minutes. Deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body, most often in the lower leg or thigh. This can result in a life-threatening danger if the clot breaks loose from the leg vein and finds its way to the lung, causing a pulmonary embolism. Doctors use anticoagulants, commonly called blood thinners, to prevent blood clots. In spinal cord injury, anticoagulants are generally given with the first 72 hours after injury to all patients. These medications slow the time it takes for blood to clot and also prevent growth of a clot. Routine use of graduated compression stockings is common in people with paralysis. Paralyzed Veterans of America, in support of the Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine, offers (no charge) an authoritative clinical practice guideline for deep vein thrombosis. It involves major changes in mood, outlook, ambition, problem solving, activity level and bodily processes (sleep, energy and appetite. It affects health and wellness: People with a disability who are depressed may not look after themselves; they may not drink enough water, take care of their skin, or manage their diet. In spinal cord injury, for example, risk is highest in the first five years after the injury. Other risk factors include dependence on alcohol or drugs, lack of a spouse or close support network, acess to lethal means, or a previous suicide attempt. The most important factors in preventing suicide are spotting depression early, getting the right treat- ments for it, and instilling problem solving skills. In theory, it may also alleviate some forms of neurogenic pain, a huge contributor to depression. In fact, aggressive treatment of pain problems is crucial to the prevention of depression. About 80 percent of people with multiple sclerosis report that fatigue significantly interferes with their ability to function. Paralysis Resource Guide | 96 2 Fatigue is also a prominent symptom of post-polio syndrome. These symptoms may be caused by the gradual wearing out of already weakened and damaged nerve cells. Some believe chronic fatigue syndrome, which affects about 500,000 people in the United States, may be related to undi- agnosed post-polio syndrome. Underlying medical problems such as anemia, thyroid deficiency, diabetes, depression, respiratory problems or heart disease may be factors in a persons fatigue. Also, medications such as muscle relaxants, pain drugs and sedatives can contribute to fatigue. Low fitness levels may result in too little energy reserves to meet the physical demands of daily life. Cardiovascular diseases are reportedly the leading cause of death for persons who have had a spinal cord injury for more than 30 years. They are generally more insulin resistant, which affects the bodys ability to transform blood sugar into energy, and can lead to heart disease, diabetes and other conditions. Contributing to the abnormalities are loss of muscle mass (atrophy), increase in body fat, and a harder time maintaining cardiovascular fitness. Some prevention strate- gies include: screening for blood sugar problems, healthy diet, no smoking, moderation with alcohol, and regular physical exercise. Cafeine, alcohol, smoking and a diet high in refned carbohydrates, sugar and hydrogenated fats rob your energy. Reach for the best-feeling thoughts, enjoy a laugh whenever you can, and structure relaxation time at least twice a day using yoga, meditation or prayer. There is a wonderful array of gadgets and timesavers on the market (see page 229 for more. For a person with post-polio, this could mean using a wheelchair instead of a walker. Some people beneft from stress management, relaxation training, membership in a support group or psychotherapy. Physical activity was once thought to worsen fatigue, but aerobic exercise may beneft those with mild disabilities. Others include astragalus, borage seed oil, bromelain, comfrey, echinacea, garlic, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, primrose oil, quercetin, St. Since one of the side efects of both drugs is insomnia, they work best if taken in the morning and at noon. Paralysis Resource Guide | 98 2 Orthostatic hypotension is a condition that results in a decrease in blood pressure when sitting or standing up, causing light-headedness or fainting. It occurs more commonly after spinal cord injury at T6 or above, in response to lowered blood pressure. It occurs in many spinal cord injured individuals and may develop within days following the injury. Hypo/hyperthermia: Paralysis can cause the temperature of the body to fluctuate according to the temperature of the environment. Being in a hot room may increase temperature (hyperthermia); a cold room may decrease tempera- ture (hypothermia. This kind of pain can usually be diagnosed and treated so the discomfort is managed and confined to a given period of time. It is the kind of alarm that doesnt go away and is resistant to most medical treatments. Pain is a complicated process that involves an intricate interplay between a number of important chemicals found naturally in the brain and spinal cord. These chemicals, called neurotransmitters, transmit nerve impulses from one cell to another. Recent data also suggest that there may be a shortage of the neurotrans- mitter norepinephrine, as well as an overabundance of the neurotransmitter glutamate. During experiments, mice with blocked glutamate receptors show a reduction in their responses to pain. Morphine and other opioid drugs work by locking on to these receptors, switching on pain-inhibiting pathways or circuits, and thereby blocking pain. The dramatic changes that occur with injury and persistent pain underscore that chronic pain should be considered a disease of the nervous system, not just prolonged acute pain or a symptom of an injury. New drugs must be developed; current medications for most chronic pain conditions are relatively ineffective and are used mostly in a trial by error manner; there are few alternatives. Pain can lead to inactivity, which may lead to anger and frustration, to isola- tion, depression, sleeplessness, sadness, then to more pain. Its a spin cycle of misery with no easy exit, and modern medicine doesnt offer a wide range of help. Pain control becomes a matter of pain management; the goal is to improve function and allow people to participate in day-to-day activities. Types of pain: Musculoskeletal or mechanical pain occurs at or above the level of spinal cord lesion and may stem from overuse of remaining functional muscles after spinal cord injury or those used for unaccustomed activity.

Single vs dual (en bloc) kidney transplants from donors </= 5 years of age: A single center experience hypertension 40 years buy cheap avalide 162.5 mg on-line. Ureterovesical anastomotic techniques for kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis heart attack piano buy on line avalide. A randomized controlled trial comparing intravesical to extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in living donor kidney transplantation recipients heart attack jack heart attack generic 162.5mg avalide overnight delivery. Modified ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation to facilitate endoscopic management of subsequent urological complications arrhythmia 20 years old purchase line avalide. Complications associated with using nonabsorbable sutures for ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplant operations. Impact of stents on urological complications and health care expenditure in renal transplant recipients: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. 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Percutaneous renal biopsy: three years of experience with the biopty gun in 761 cases-a survey of results and complications. Management of post-biopsy renal allograft arteriovenous fistulas with selective arterial embolization: immediate and long-term outcomes. Symptomatic lymphoceles after kidney transplantation - multivariate analysis of risk factors and outcome after laparoscopic fenestration. Management of primary symptomatic lymphocele after kidney transplantation: a systematic review. Octreotide in the treatment of lymphorrhea after renal transplantation: a preliminary experience. Kidney transplant ureteroneocystostomy techniques and complications: review of the literature. Comparing Taguchi and Lich-Gregoir ureterovesical reimplantation techniques for kidney transplants. Early and late urological complications corrected surgically following renal transplantation. Evaluation of the urological complications of living related renal transplantation at a single center during the last 10 years: impact of the Double-J* stent. Primary reconstruction is a good option in the treatment of urinary fistula after kidney transplantation. The development and current status of minimally invasive surgery to manage urological complications after renal transplantation. Comparison of Urologic Complications Between Ureteroneocystostomy and Ureteroureterostomy in Renal Transplant: A Meta-Analysis. Ureteral complications in renal transplant recipients successfully treated with interventional radiology. Comparison of urological complications with primary ureteroureterostomy versus conventional ureteroneocystostomy. Kidney transplantation into urinary conduits with ureteroureterostomy between transplant and native ureter: single-center experience. Clinical significance of posttransplantation vesicoureteral reflux during short-term period after kidney transplantation. Endoscopic application of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in the treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux after renal transplantation. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in renal transplants: a safe approach with a high stone-free rate. Risk factors for urinary tract infection after renal transplantation and its impact on graft function in children and young adults. Targeting risk factors for impaired wound healing and wound complications after kidney transplantation. Experience of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in kidney and/or pancreas transplant recipients. Guidelines for the detection and characterisation of clinically relevant antibodies in allotransplantation. Renal transplantation of highly sensitised patients via prioritised renal allocation programs. Immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplantation in adults: a systematic review and economic model. Calcineurin Inhibitor Minimization, Conversion, Withdrawal, and Avoidance Strategies in Renal Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised trial data. Advagraf((R)), a once-daily prolonged release tacrolimus formulation, in kidney transplantation: literature review and guidelines from a panel of experts. Extended-release tacrolimus: a review of its use in de novo kidney transplantation. Generic immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Once-Daily Tacrolimus in Solid-Organ Transplant Patients. European Society for Organ Transplantation Advisory Committee recommendations on generic substitution of immunosuppressive drugs. Calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimens based on mycophenolic acid after kidney transplantation. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium immunosuppression in renal transplant patients: efficacy and dosing.